The Hierarchical IP Acclamation Scheme
Written on 03:59 by Ahmet Emir
An IP abode consists of 32 $.25 of information. These $.25 are disconnected into four sections,
referred to as octets or bytes, anniversary absolute 1 byte (8 bits). You can characterize an IP address
using one of three methods:
- Dotted-decimal, as in 172.16.30.56
- Binary, as in 10101100.00010000.00011110.00111000
- Hexadecimal, as in AC.10.1E.38
All these examples absolutely represent the aforementioned IP address. Hexadecimal isn’t acclimated as generally as
dotted-decimal or bifold back IP acclamation is discussed, but you still ability acquisition an IP address
stored in hexadecimal in some programs. The Windows Registry is a acceptable archetype of a program
that food a machine’s IP abode in hex.
The 32-bit IP abode is a structured or hierarchical address, as against to a collapsed or nonhierarchical
address. Although either blazon of acclamation arrangement could accept been used, hierarchical
addressing was called for a acceptable reason. The advantage of this arrangement is that it can
handle a ample cardinal of addresses, namely 4.3 billion (a 32-bit abode amplitude with two possible
values for anniversary position—either 0 or 1—gives you 232, or 4,294,967,296). The disadvantage
of the collapsed acclamation scheme, and the acumen it’s not acclimated for IP addressing, relates to
routing. If every abode were unique, all routers on the Internet would charge to abundance the
94 Chapter 2 Introduction to TCP/IP
address of anniversary and every apparatus on the Internet. This would accomplish able acquisition impossible,
even if alone a atom of the accessible addresses were used.
The band-aid to this botheration is to use a two- or three-level hierarchical acclamation scheme
that is structured by arrangement and host or by network, subnet, and host.
This two- or three-level arrangement is commensurable to a blast number. The aboriginal section, the
area code, designates a actual ample area. The additional section, the prefix, anchorage the ambit to
a bounded calling area. The final segment, the chump number, zooms in on the specific connection.
IP addresses use the aforementioned blazon of layered structure. Rather than all 32 $.25 actuality treated
as a different identifier, as in collapsed addressing, a allotment of the abode is appointed as the network
address and the added allotment is appointed as either the subnet and host or aloof the bulge address.
In the afterward sections, I’m activity to altercate IP arrangement acclamation and the different
classes of abode we can use to abode our networks.
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